In-situ Metallography and replication is used for microstructural analysis when examining large components that cannot be easily moved or destructive sample preparation is difficult or not permissible. In-situ Metallography allows for quick on-site evaluation of a component’s metallurgical and heat treatment condition and assist investigators when carrying out a remaining life assessment study or a failure analysis project.
Ultrasonic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct
examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used
for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material
characterization, and more.
Ultrasonic Inspection
A means of locating defects in steel. When acoustic energy in the
ultrasonic range is passed through steel, the sound waves tend to
travel in straight lines, rather than diffusing in all directions
as they do in the audible range. If there is a defect in the path
of the beam it will cause a reflection of some of the energy,
depleting the energy transmitted. This casts an acoustic shadow,
which can be monitored by a detector placed opposite the transducer
or energy source. If the acoustic energy is introduced as a very
short burst, then the reflected energy coming back to the
originating transducer can also be used to show the size and
depth of the defect. Ultrasonic techniques can be used to detect
deeply located defects or those contained in the surface layer.
Coating Thickness
Coating thickness is an important variable that plays a role in
product quality, process control, and cost control. Measurement of
film thickness can be done with many different instruments.
Commonly used measuring techniques for cured organic films include
nondestructive dry film methods such as magnetic, eddy current,
ultrasonic, or micrometer measurement and also destructive dry
film methods such as cross-sectioning or gravimetric (mass)
measurement. Methods are also available for powder and liquid
coatings to measure the film before it is cured
Dye Penetrant
This method employs a penetrating liquid, which is applied over the
surface of the component and enters the discontinuity or crack.
Subsequently, after the excess penetrant has been cleared from the
surface, the penetrant exudes or is drawn back out of the crack is
observed. Liquid penetrant testing can be applied to any non-porous
clean material, metallic or non-metallic, but is unsuitable for dirty
or very rough surfaces. Penetrants can contain a dye to make the
indication visible under white light, or a fluorescent material
that fluoresces under suitable ultra-violet light. Fluorescent
penetrants are usually used when the maximum flaw sensitivity
is required. Cracks as narrow as 150 nanometers can be detected.
Carbonation test
To measure the depth of carbonation through the surface of concrete.
Weldability
The weldability of steels is inversely proportional to a property
known as the hardenability of the steel, which measures the ease of
forming martensite during heat treatment. The hardenability of steel
depends on its chemical composition, with greater quantities of
carbon and other alloying elements resulting in a higher
hardenability and thus a lower weldability.
Visual Inspection Services
Non-Destructive visual inspections can be preformed on-site or at the
laboratory facility, and are based upon the requirements of the client
or specification. Industries utilizing this service include
Fabrication, Construction, Automotive, Power Generation and
Transportation. Inspections can be performed at the laboratory
facility or onsite.
Portable Hardness
This testing is normally used for on-site applications or on very
large samples. The portable hardness unit performs the hardness
testing by applying a 5 kg. Vickers load indenter and electronically
converts the values in the preferred scale.
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Measurement
The velocity of ultrasonic pulses travelling in a solid material
depends on the density and elastic properties of that material.
The quality of some materials is sometimes related to their elastic
stiffness so that measurement of ultrasonic pulse velocity in such
materials can often be used to indicate their quality as well as to
determine their elastic properties. Materials, which can be assessed
in this way, include, in particular, concrete and timber but exclude
metals. When ultrasonic testing is applied to metals its object is
to detect internal flaws, which send echoes back in the direction
of the incident beam, and these are picked up by a receiving
transducer. The measurement of the time taken for the pulse to travel
from a surface to a flaw and back again enables the position of the
flaw to be located.
Residual Life Assessment
Before the renovation and modernization / life extension programme,
it is mandatory to conduct Residual Life Assessment study (RLA) of
all critical components, which brings into notice for mandatory
replacement / modifications necessary to guarantee a minimum 75%
plant load factor and 85% plant availability.
Positive Material Identification:
Positive Material Identification service is fast becoming an integral
part of process safety management in the petroleum refining,
petrochemical and electric power generation industries in India.
Using various X-Ray Florescence (XRF) instruments, XRF can provide
elemental identification and quantitative determination without
regard to form, size and shape. No samples need to be cut during PMI.
Ferrite measurement
Ferrography, or wear-particle analysis, is the complete analytical method of separation and identification of
all particles suspended in the used lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, coolants and fuels of any oil-wetted machinery.
Several types of wear can be identified through Analytical Ferrography, such as rubbing wear, abrasive wear,
adhesive wear, cutting wear, corrosive wear, spalling, and spheres. It also identifies both red and black oxides
as well as sand and dust particles.
It is a qualitative, rather than quantitative analysis that provides digital imagery of the actual particles present.
Ferrous particles are trapped by powerful magnets and deposited on slides in patterns while non-ferrous and
other wear debris particles are deposited randomly for microscopic analysis. Particles are analyzed based on
metallic or non-metallic, alloy (determined by heat treatment), shape, size, color, and if possible, source.
 |
| Ferrogram Slide observed Under microscope |
Standard followed for carrying out ferrography is ISO 4406.
We have facility for carrying out ferrography of used lubricating oils.
